In the study of multiple myeloma, Besliu et al. (2025) highlight advancements in risk stratification and treatment. Over the years, the International Staging System (ISS) has evolved, with the latest revision in 2022 (R2-ISS), to better predict patient outcomes and guide treatment decisions. The landscape of therapy has seen significant progress with the introduction of drugs that modulate the immune system, proteasome inhibitors, and anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies, shifting the treatment paradigm.
The study also emphasizes the importance of T cell-directed therapies, such as CAR T cell therapies and bispecific antibodies, which activate the immune system to target and destroy tumor cells. These therapies, particularly those targeting BCMA or GPRC5D on myeloma cells, show promise for relapsed/refractory cases. Despite these advances, multiple myeloma remains incurable, with most patients relapsing, and those with extramedullary disease or plasma cell leukemia still facing poor outcomes, underscoring the need for ongoing therapeutic development (Besliu et al., 2025).
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